On-Site AIR XS Validation
at Refractory Site Visit

As part of our ongoing testing programme in real-world scenarios, we recently visited a local company manufacturing specialist refractory materials. During the visit, our in-house Occupational Hygienist conducted personal exposure monitoring using traditional techniques as stipulated in MDHS 101/2 – Crystalline silica in respirable airborne particulates, alongside our AIR X Particulate Monitors.

“We were approached by the workshop health + safety manager so they could seek a deeper understanding of our real-time particulate monitoring technology. We offered an on-site trial, pairing our AIR X products with traditional exposure monitoring. The results were highly encouraging, and the collaboration marked the beginning of a strong working relationship.”

Joe Marais, Trolex Product Development Manager

 

Personal sampling was conducted on one of the Mill Operators as they filled bags with materials containing crystalline silica. 2 AIR XS units were positioned either side of the Operator’s work area, and the resultant respirable crystalline silica (RCS) levels were recorded in real time.

In line with standard Occupational Hygiene practice, the personal samplers were retrieved from the Operative, processed, and submitted to an external accredited laboratory for analysis of both respirable dust and RCS exposure concentrations.

The analytical results indicated that the Operative was exposed to 0.101 mg/m³ of RCS during bagging activities. At the same time, the AIR XS units returned average RCS results of 0.118 mg/m³ and 0.079 mg/m³ respectively. The data provided valuable insights into the operative’s behaviours based on exposure profiles during the assessment period.

On the results, the client commented:

“We were exploring ways to improve our understanding of airborne exposure in real time, and the AIR X trial offered exactly that. Compared to traditional monitoring, which gave us just a single data point, the real-time exposure profile illuminated work patterns and pinpointed specific sources of particulates throughout the shift. It provided a level of insight we hadn’t seen before and opened the door to more informed decision-making.”

 

This comparative result not only demonstrates how AIR XS performs in line with traditional monitoring techniques, but also highlights its importance in interpreting operative behaviours, the impact of resting periods, and the design of control measures.

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    INDUSTRY RISKS
    · UNDERGROUND MINING

    More than 250 deaths per year in underground mining are attributed to silicosis, claims Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS), as well as other dusts, is generated through different processes and conditions specific to underground occupational environments.

    What are the risks?

    • Construction dust
    • Respirable dust
    • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
    • Nitrogen Dioxide
    • Hydrogen Sulphide
    • Sulphur Dioxide
    • Flammable gases
    • Oxygen
    • Methane
    • Ammonia

    Why may these risks occur?

    • Drilling into rock + existing structures
    • Excavation of rocks
    • Lack of effective ventilation
    • Loading + unloading of materials
    • Transportation + use of machinery
    • Transportation of raw materials
    • Blasting into natural structures
    • Drilling natural structures
    • Excavation of rock
    • Natural deposits in rocks
    • Use of vehicle + machine engines
    • Lack of ventilation
    • Rock bursts

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          INDUSTRY RISKS
          Open Pit + Overground Mining

          The International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM) report occupational diseases contribute to nearly 2.5 million annual deaths in mining + metallurgy industries. Exposure to hazardous particulates + gases play a major role in this.

          What are the risks?

          • Asbestos particulates
          • Copper powder
          • Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions (DEEE)
          • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
          • Gold + other mataliferous dusts
          • Other airborne dusts + mists
          • Carbon Dioxide
          • Hydrogen Sulphide
          • Sulphur Dioxide
          • Mercury vapour
          • Methane

          Why may these risks occur?

          • Blasting rock + other raw materials
          • Crushing rock + other raw materials
          • Demolition of rock structures
          • Use of certain machinery
          • Blasting rock + other raw materials
          • Decay of organic matter
          • Processing rocks + raw materials
          • Use of certain machinery
          • Use of diesel vehicles

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                INDUSTRY RISKS
                · WELDING + METAL MANUFACTURING

                The National Institute of Health (NIH) reports that 110 million people  are exposed to welding fumes at work in various industries. Various fumes and metal dust exposure can be generated through different forms of welding and other methods.

                • NIH reports that approximately 11 million people work as welders worldwide
                • NIH continue that 110 million people are exposed to welding  fumes at work in various industries
                • Oxford Economics determines that 40.5 million people work with in the steel industry’s global supply chain

                What are the risks?

                • Cadmium dust + fumes
                • Nickel dust + fumes
                • Welding dust + fumes
                • Zinc dust + fumes
                • Flammable gases
                • Nitrous oxides
                • Ozone

                Why may these risks occur?

                • Brazing
                • Foundry works
                • Plasma + laser cutting
                • Soldering
                • Smelting
                • Welding
                • Arc welding
                • Heating metals
                • Welding

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                      INDUSTRY RISKS
                      · TUNNELLING INDUSTRY

                      According to Health + Safety International, 1-in-10 tunnel workers are at risk of developing silicosis in Australia. Exposure to crystalline silica, as well as other types of hazardous dust are common in tunnelling due to various types of tunnelling processes.

                      What are the risks?

                      • Arsenic dusts
                      • Construction dust
                      • Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM)
                      • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
                      • Wood dust
                      • Nitrogen Dioxide
                      • Hydrogen Sulphide
                      • Sulphur Dioxide
                      • Oxygen
                      • Flammable gases
                      • Methane
                      • Ammonia

                      Why may these risks occur?

                      • Drilling into rock + existing structures
                      • Excavation of rocks
                      • Lack of effective ventilation
                      • Loading + unloading of materials
                      • Transportation + use of machinery
                      • Transportation of raw materials
                      • Blasting into natural structures
                      • Drilling natural structures
                      • Excavation of rock
                      • Natural deposits in rocks
                      • Use of vehicle + machine engines

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                            INDUSTRY RISKS
                            · TEXTILES + APPAREL MANUFACTURING

                            The Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) reports that the 300 million workers in the global textile and garment industry are disproportionately exposed to various occupational hazards and risks, including hazardous chemicals and various dusts.

                            • According to IOSH, the global textile and garment industry employs 300 million people

                            • IOSH reports that the 300 million workers are disproportionately exposed to various occupational hazards and risks, including hazardous chemicals
                            • It’s reported by UN Environment Programme that every year across the world, 92 million tonnes of textile waste is produced
                            • By 2030, global apparel consumption is projected to rise by 63%, from today’s 70 million tons to 105 million tons according to UK Parliament

                            What are the risks?

                            • Cotton dust
                            • Dyestuff dust
                            • Fabric dust
                            • Wool dust
                            • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
                            • Formaldehyde
                            • Solvents
                            • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

                            Why may these risks occur?

                            • Backwinding materials
                            • Carding materials
                            • Handling dry powders
                            • Handling raw materials
                            • Winding materials
                            • Sandblasting jeans
                            • Blending materials
                            • Handling raw materials
                            • Textile finishing

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                                  INDUSTRY RISKS
                                  · STONE INDUSTRY

                                  An estimated 600,000 workers are exposed to silica in the UK each year according to the British Safety Council, which is generated in various different ways across multiple occupational environments, including stonemasonry and worktop manufacturing.

                                  What are the risks?

                                  • Construction dust
                                  • Fine engineered stone
                                  • Respirable dusts
                                  • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)

                                  Why may these risks occur?

                                  • Drilling + chiselling stone
                                  • Grinding + cutting stone
                                  • Lack of wet methods
                                  • Polishing stone
                                  • Poor ventilation
                                  • Use of engineered stone over natural stone

                                  PARTICULATE MONITORING

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                                  TX8100 AIR XS Silica Monitor

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                                  TX8005 AIR XD Dust Monitor

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                                        INDUSTRY RISKS
                                        · Recycling + Waste Management

                                        The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) reports 5,000 workers suffer from work-related ill health in Waste Management in Great Britain, which can come from exposure to fumes and dusts like chemical waste.

                                        What are the risks?

                                        • Asbestos
                                        • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
                                        • Construction dusts
                                        • Ammonia
                                        • Chemical + hazardous waste
                                        • Hazardous disinfectants
                                        • Methane
                                        • Solvents

                                        Why may these risks occur?

                                        • Failure to manage waste
                                        • Handling hazardous waste
                                        • Inadequate segregation of waste
                                        • Failure to manage waste + water
                                        • Inadequate segregation of waste
                                        • Leaks + spills of chemicals

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                                              INDUSTRY RISKS
                                              · QUARRYING + AGGREGATES

                                              World Green Building Council reports every year about 100 billion tonnes of hard rock and other raw materials are extracted in quarrying for use across industrial sectors globally. When demolished, drilled into or blasted, these fine materials can become respirable and airborne, posing serious health risks to workers.

                                              What are the risks?

                                              • Construction dust
                                              • Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions
                                              • Quarry + aggregate dust
                                              • Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS)
                                              • Hard rock
                                              • Carbon Monoxide
                                              • Hydrogen Sulphide
                                              • Formaldehyde
                                              • Flammable gases
                                              • Methane

                                              Why may these risks occur?

                                              • Cutting into hard rocks
                                              • Drilling into hard rocks
                                              • Demolition of hard rocks
                                              • Use of certain machinery
                                              • Transportation of hard rocks
                                              • Blasting rock + other raw materials
                                              • Handling hard rocks
                                              • Processing rocks + raw materials
                                              • Transportation of materials
                                              • Use of explosives
                                              • Use of diesel vehicles

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